Search and Rescue – The Procedures

 

  Flight Service people would make great private detectives.  I cannot tell you how many times we have found pilots who have not canceled flight plans on the thinnest of possibilities.

 

  According to our records, just here at Albuquerque AFSS we usually have between 9 and 14 pilots per day who simply forget to cancel their flight plans by the ETA. Of those, about half will call and cancel within the first 30 minutes.  That leaves about 5 to 7 who cause us to start looking for them. 

 

  The first step we take in SAR is to determine whether or not the aircraft has landed at his destination and simply forgotten to cancel the flight plan.  If they landed at a towered airport during the time the tower is open, it is usually a short search.  If they land at an airport with an open FBO, the first thing we do is call the FBO, who very graciously sends someone outside to check all the tail numbers on the ramp.  I cannot say enough about the patience and willingness to help we receive from the FBO managers everywhere. 

 

   AFSS’s have lists of phone numbers for every airport within their area of responsibility.  We usually call the airport manager next, but that is a business phone and if it is nighttime there may be no one there.  Frequently we call the sheriff or the state police and ask them to dispatch a unit to the airport to see if an aircraft with that tail number is on the ground.  If it is, the flight plan is simply cancelled. 

 

  Most of the time the pilots do not even remember that the flight plan was not cancelled, and since we found them we normally do not send it on to Flight Standards.  The exception is a pilot who chronically forgets to close.   

 

  The first official step in SAR begins at 30 minutes after the ETA with a QALQ.  This is a request sent by the destination AFSS to the filing facility, wherein we are asking them to send the whole flight plan. What most of you do not know is depending on who you filed with, we may not have your full flight plan when you activate.  If you filed with any Flight Service we should have the data, but when you file with DUATs or another private vendor the only information we have is: VFR, Aircraft ID, type of aircraft, departure airport, destination airport, Proposed Time and Estimated Time Enroute. 

 

   When DUATs receives the QALQ, they research their records for the flight plan and any subsequent contacts with that aircraft and squirt it back to a Lockheed Martin AFSS.   Now we can look for the pilot’s data – name and phone number primarily.  This is where we have come to love cell phones.  We hate those things when we are briefing someone who is on a ramp in the wind with a noisy engine behind him, but they have significantly changed our ability to find someone who has simply forgotten to close a flight plan.

 

   If it is a home phone, we will call there and hope to find you.  If someone’s wife or husband answers we try to identify ourselves and ask if they know where you are without alarming them.  If no one is at the phone number, or if they do not know where you are, then we prepare to expand our search. Of course we leave a message with them to have you call us whenever you get in.

 

  At one hour after the ETA the real work begins and we begin to be concerned that there is a possibility that you encountered conditions which forced you to land somewhere besides where you wanted to.  We send out an INREQ, or information request, to all the Air Traffic Facilities along your route of flight, as well as the DUATS vendors, and we copy the information to the national Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) to give them a heads up. 

 

  All AFSS’s, ARTCC’s and DUATs are required to check their records to see if there has been any contact with your aircraft.  It comes in handy if you have called Flight Watch and given a pilot report – which will automatically include a position report – or had any other contact with air traffic.  If so, it narrows our search corridor from that point to your intended destination.

  We are also required to physically check ALL airports within 50 miles either side of your route to see if you have landed short.  Do you know how many airports there are in southern California between San Diego and San Francisco?  If so, you have a clue as to how much effort goes into this step.   This includes little dirt runways out in the middle of the desert as well as places as big as LAX. 

 

  Though this procedure normally takes more than an hour, if the pilot still has not been located and his ETA is exceeded by two hours, we must send out an ALNOT or Alert Notice.  We continue with the communications search as the Rescue Coordination Center begins to organize an air/ground search.

 

  The AFSS station that the pilot filed his flight plan with may at this point pull the tape recording of the briefing and flight plan and listen to it to determine if the pilot said anything that would indicate if he could perhaps have deviated from his route – or landed at another airport than the one listed. 

 

  I remember one guy who was filed to a small airport late on a Sunday night, said on the tape that he was going to visit his Dad.  He had filed to Clovis, New Mexico, but a check of the phone book found a man with the same last name living in Portales, New Mexico – close by.  Dad confirmed that Junior had come to visit.  Turned out he had hangered the aircraft because of storms in the area – which is why the sheriff could not find it.

 

  An ALNOT remains current until the aircraft is located – or the Rescue Coordination Center gives up the search – usually at least three weeks. If you are not on a flight plan, concerned family members can initiate the SAR process by phoning flight service.  Be sure they have your Aircraft ID because all of our data is based on it – not on the pilot’s name.

 

 Statistics show that if people survive a crash landing, their chances are good if they can be located within 24 hours.  I am asking you to help us help you by doing two things.  File VFR flight plans that are less than 4 hours in length.  The pilot who wants to save himself some effort by filing a 12 hour flight plan from Olivia, Minnesota to Medford, Oregon is doing himself a real disservice if he doesn’t show up – that’s one heck of a search area. 

 

  Please give position reports, better yet – give pilot reports.  That way we will have a better idea on where to search.  Please do not file the phone number of your FBO if you are landing at an airport 1200 miles away.  If you know you will be staying at a hotel – just mention which one and we will grab a phone book.

  Oh, yeah, and don’t forget to cancel your flight plan!

 

If you’d like to meet Rose Marie, she will be working in the briefing area at Oshkosh this year!   Rose Marie Kern works at Lockheed Martin’s ABQ AFSS.  If you’d like to ask Rose a question concerning ATC and the Lockheed Martin AFSS’s, send her an email at author@rosemariekern.com.